Han Chae-ah began her acting career in 2006 when she appeared in a music video of a song by Sohn Ho-young. In 2010, she became part of the SBS series Definitely Neighbors, which won her Best New Actress at the SBS Drama Awards. In 2012, she starred in the hit KBS2 drama Gaksital, in which she was nominated for an Excellence Award at the KBS Drama Awards. In 2013, she was nominated for another Excellence Award at the SBS Drama Awards for her work in All About My Romance. In 2014, she led the KBS1 daily series You Are the Only One, which was followed by a main role in the KBS2 sageuk Master of Trade—Inn 2015. Her performance in the said dramas earned her an Excellence Award at the KBS Drama Awards.


In May 2018, Han Chae-ah married Cha Se-jji, who is the second son of South Korean football legend Cha Bum-kun. She gave birth to a daughter on October 30, 2018.